' 


TE 


UC-NRLF 


235 


American  Society  of  Municipal 
Improvements,  1914 


Specifications  for 

Broken  Stone  and  Gravel  Roads 


cAdopted  October  8,  1914 


These  specifications  will  be  modified  from  time  to  time 
to  keep  them  fully  up  to  date.  Suggestions  as  to  modi- 
fications or  additions  are  solicited  and  should  be  sent  to 
the  Secretary,  or  to  A.  H.  Blanchard,  Professor  of  High- 
way Engineering,  Columbia  University,  New  York  City, 
Chairman  of  the  Sub-Committee  on  Specifications  for 
Broken  Stone  and  Gravel  Roads,  and 


GEORGE   W.  TILLSON 

Boro  Hall,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Chairman  of  General  Committee  on  Standard  Specifications 


COPYRIGHTED,  1914 

(Any  municipality  will  be  given  tree  permission  to  use  these  specifications  or  any  part 
of  them  upon  application  to  the  (Secretary.) 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY 

CHARLES  CARROLL  BROWN,  Secretary 

702  WULSIN  BUILDING 
INDIANAPOLIS,    INDIANA 


Press  yf 

S.  E.  Tate  Printing  Company 

Manhattan  Building 

Milwaukee 


SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  BROKEN  STONE  ROAD. 


1.  General  Description — The  broken  stone  road  shall  consist 
of  three  courses  of  broken  stone,  separately  constructed,  laid 
to  conform  to  the  required  grades  and  cross-sections  and  con- 
structed as  hereinafter  specified. 

BROKEN  STONE. 

2.  Quality  of  Broken  Stone — All  broken  stone  shall  be  clean, 
rough  surfaced  and  sharp  angled,  of  compact  texture  and  uni- 
form grain. 

Tests  for  Broken  Stone — The  broken  stone  shall  be  subjected 
to  abrasion  tests  and  toughness  tests  conducted  by  the  Engi- 
neer in  accordance  with  methods  adopted  by  the  American 
Society  for  Testing  Materials,  August  15,  1908.  It  shall  show 
a  "French  coefficient  of  wear"  of  not  less  than  7.0  and  its 
toughness  shall  be  not  less  than  6.0. 

3.  Sizes — The  product  of  the  crusher  shall  be  passed  over 
a    rotary    screen   with    sections    having   respectively    circular 
openings    of   the   following   dimensions:     First   section,   five- 
eighths   (%)   inch  holes;  second  section,  one  and  one-quarter 
(114)    inch  holes;  third  section,  two   and  one-quarter    (2%) 
inch  holes;  fourth  section,  three  and  one-half  (3%)  inch  holes. 
If  so  directed  the  first  section  of  the  screen  shall  be  fitted  with 
a  dust  jacket  having  one-quarter  (14)  inch  openings  so  placed 
as  to  separate  the  dust  from  the  product  passing  through  the 
first  section.     The  screening  plant  shall  also  be  fitted  with  a 
tailing  chute  so  that  no  stone  failing  to  pass  the  largest  open- 
ings will  fall  into  the  bin  for  No.  4  size  broken  stone.   -The 
various  sizes  of  broken  stone  shall  be  caught  in  separate  bins, 
and  shall  be  designated  as  follows : 

Dust,  all  passing  through  one-quarter  (14-)  -inch  screen. 

3 

342925 


Screenings,  all  passing  through  five-eighths  (%)  inch 
screen. 

No.  1'  size,  passing  through  five-eighths  (%)  inch  screen 
and  over  one-quarter  (%)  inch  screen. 

No.  2  size,  passing  over  five-eighths  (%)  inch  screen  and 
through  one  and  one-quarter  (1%)  inch  screen. 

No.  3  size,  passing  over  one  and  one-quarter  (l1/^)  inch 
screen  and  through  two  and  one-quarter  (2*4)  inch  screen. 

No.  4  size,  passing  over  two  and  one-quarter  (2%:)  inch 
screen  and  through  three  and  one-half  (3%)  inch  screen. 

Tailings,  passing  over  three  and  one-half  (3%)  inch  screen. 

Portable  Plants — Portable  crushing  and  screening  plants 
shall  be  operated  as  directed. 

Stationary  Plants — If  broken  stone  is  to  be  supplied  from 
stationary  crushing  and  screening  plants,  the  several  sizes  of 
broken  stone  shall  not  be  used  unless  samples  have  been  previ- 
ously approved  by  the  Engineer.  The  various  sizes  of  broken 
stone  furnished  shall  be  substantially  the  same  as  the  samples 
approved. 

CONSTKUCTION. 

4.  First  Course — After  the  sub-grade  or  sub-base  course 
shall  have  been  prepared  as  specified,  a  course  of  No.  4  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  so  that  it  shall  have  after  rolling 
the  required  thickness  of  three  and  one-half  (3^)  inches. 
The  depth  of  loose  broken  stone  shall  be  gauged  by  the  use  of 
strings  between  iron  stakes,  as  directed.  The  spreading  of  the 
broken  stone  must  be  from  piles  dumped  on  boards  provided 
for  the  purpose  or  from  piles  dumped  alongside  the  road,  or  as 
directed  by  the  Engineer.  This  course  shall  be  thoroughly 
rolled  with  a  ten  (10)  to  fifteen  (15)  ton  road  roller.  The 
rolling  shall  begin  at  the  sides  of  the  road  and  continue  to- 
wards the  center  and  shall  be  kept  up  until  there  is  no  dis- 
turbance of  the  stone  ahead  of  the  roller.  After  the  comple- 
tion of  the  rolling,  no  teaming  other  than  that  necessary  for 
bringing  on  the  broken  stone  for  the  next  course  shall  be 
allowed  over  the  rolled  broken  stone.  Should  it  be  apparent 

4 


after  the  rolling  of  the  first  course  that  the  subgrade  material 
shall  have  become  churned  up  into  or  mixed  with  the  broken 
stone  of  this  course,  whether  by  reason  of  the  rolling,  or  by 
hauling  over  the  broken  stone  or  otherwise,  the  Contractor 
shall  at  his  own  expense  remove  and  replace  such  mixture  of 
sub- grade  material  and  broken  stone  with  clean  broken  stone 
of  the  proper  size  and  shall  roll  the  material  to  produce  a  uni- 
form, firm  and  even  first  course  as  required. 

5.  Second  Course — On  the  completed  first  course  shall  be 
spread,  in  the  manner  specified  in  the  preceding  paragraph, 
No.  3  broken  stone  to  form  the  second  course.     This  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  to  such  a  depth  that  it  shall  have 
after  rolling  the  required  thickness  of  two  and  one-half  (21/2,) 
inches.    After  the  second  course  shall  be  compacted  under  the 
same  provisions  as  prescribed  for  the  first  course,  it  shall  be 
evenly  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of  screenings.    The  quantity 
of  screenings  to  be  used  shall  be  just  sufficient  to  cover  the 
larger  stones  and  care  shall  be  exercised  to  avoid  the  use  of 
an  excess  of  the  screenings.    This  covering  shall  then  be  rolled 
as  heretofore   provided.     When  the   rolling  shall  have  been 
completed  the  surface  of  the  second  course  shall  be  firm,  even 
and  true  to  the  lines,  grades  and  cross-sections. 

6.  Third  Course — On  the  completed  second  course  shall  be 
spread  in  the  manner  above  specified  for  the  first  course  No.  3 
broken  stone  to  form  the  third  course.    This  broken  stone  shall 
be  evenly  spread  to  such  a  depth  that  it  will  have  after  rolling 
the  required  thickness  of  two  and  one-half  (2%)  inches.    After 
the  third  course  shall  have  been  compacted  under  the  same 
provisions  as  prescribed  for  the  first  course,  it  shall  be  evenly 
covered  with   a   thin  layer   of  screenings.     The   quantity   of 
screenings  to  be  used  shall  be  just  sufficient  to  cover  the  larger 
stones  and  care  shall  be  exercised  to  avoid  the  use  of  an  excess 
of  the  screenings.     This  covering  shall  then  be  rolled  as  here- 
tofore provided  except  that  water  shall  be  used  in  connection 
with  the  rolling  as  follows:   after  the  screenings  shall  have 
been  lightly  rolled,  water  shall  be  sprinkled  on  the  road  sur- 

5 


face  just  ahead  of  the  roller  in  such  quantity  as  will  prevent 
the  sticking  to  the  wheels  of  the  roller  of  the  fine  material  on 
the  surface,  and  the  combined  spreading  of  screenings,  water- 
ing and  rolling  shall  be  continued  until  the  voids  of  the  broken 
stone  become  so  filled  with  the  finer  particles  as  to  result  in 
a  wave  of  grout  being  pushed  along  the  road  surface  by  the 
front  wheel  of  the  roller.  When  the  rolling  shall  have  been 
completed  the  surface  of  the  third  course  shall  be  firm,  even 
and  true  to  the  lines,  grades  and  cross-sections.  After  the 
third  course  has  been  compacted,  puddled  and  filled  as  above 
specified,  it  shall  be  evenly  covered  with  a  thin  layetr  of 
screenings.  Should  at  any  time,  after  its  construction  and 
prior  to  the  acceptance  of  the  road,  the  larger  stone  be  visible 
in  the  surface  of  the  road,  the  Contractor  shall,  without  extra 
allowance,  spread,  sprinkle  and  roll  sufficient  screenings  to 
completely  cover  the  same. 

* 
PAYMENT. 

7.  Measurement  and  Payment — The  quantity  of  broken 
stone  road  to  be  paid  for  shall  be  the  number  of  square  yards, 
measured  horizontally,  satisfactorily  completed  in  accordance 
with  specifications.  The  price  stipulated  shall  include  the 
furnishing,  crushing  and  screening  of  the  different  sizes  of 
broken  stone,  the  placing,  rolling  and  watering  of  the  broken 
stone,  and  all  work  and  expenses  incidental  to  the  completion 
of  the  broken  stone  road. 


SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  BROKEN   STONE  ROAD  WITH  BITUM^ 
INOUS    SURFACE. 

BROKEN  STONE  ROAD. 

8.  General  Description — The  broken  stone  road  shall  con- 
sist of  three  courses  of  broken  stone,  separately  constructed, 
laid  to  conform  to  the  required  grades  and  cross-sections  and 
constructed  as  hereinafter  specified. 

6 


BROKEN  STONE. 

9.  Quality    of   Broken    Stone — All   broken    stone    shall'    t>e 
clean,  rough  surfaced  and  sharp  angled,  of  compact  texture 
and  uniform  grain. 

Tests  For  Broken  Stone — The  broken  stone  shall  be  sub- 
jected to  abrasion  tests  and  toughness  tests  conducted  by  the 
Engineer  in  accordance  with  methods  adopted  by  the  Ameri- 
can Society  for  Testing  Materials,  August  15,  1908.  The 
broken  stone  used  for  the  construction  of  the  first  and  second 
courses  shall  show  a  French  coefficient  of  wear  of  not  less 
than  7.0  and  its  toughness  shall  be  not  less  than  6.0.  The 
broken  stone  used  for  the  construction  of  the  third  course 
and  in  connection  with  the  bituminous  surface  shall  show  a 
French  coefficient  of  wear  of  not  less  than  11.0  and  its  tough- 
ness shall  not  be  less  than  13.0. 

10.  Sizes — The  sizes  shall  be  in  accordance  with  the  re- 
quirements as  stated  in  the  paragraph  entitled  "Sizes"  in  the 
specifications  for  "Broken  Stone  Road." 

CONSTRUCTION. 

11.  First  Course — After  the  sub-grade  or  sub-base  course 
shall  have  been  prepared  as  specified,  a  course  of  No.  4  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  so  that  it  shall  have,  after  rolling, 
the   required   thickness   of  three   and   one-half    (3y2)    inches. 
The  depth  of  loose  broken  stone  shall  be  gauged  by  the  use 
of  strings  between  iron  stakes,  as  directed.    The  spreading  of 
the  broken  stone  must  be  from  piles  dumped  on  boards  pro- 
vided for  the  purpose   or  from  piles  dumped  alongside  the 
road,  or  as  directed  by  the  Engineer.     This  course  shall  be 
thoroughly  rolled  with  a  twelve  (12)  to  fifteen  (15)  ton  road 
roller.     The  initial  rolling  shall  begin  at  the  sides  of  the  road 
and  continue  towards  the  center  and  shall  be  kept  up  until 
the  stone  is  keyed  together  and  there  is  no  disturbance  of  the 
stone  ahead  of  the  roller.    After  the  first  course  has  been  com- 
pacted, it  shall  be  evenly  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of  screen- 
ings.    The  quantity  of  screenings  to  be  used  shall  be  just  suf- 

7 


ficient  to  cover  the  larger  stones  and  care  shall  be  exercised 
to  avoid  the  use  of  an  excess  of  the  screenings.  This  covering 
shall  then  be  rolled  as  heretofore  provided  except  that  water 
shall  be  used  in  connection  with  the  rolling  as  follows:  After 
the  screenings  shall  have  been  lightly  rolled,  water  shall  be 
sprinkled  on  the  road  surface  just  ahead  of  the  roller  in  such 
quantity  as  will  prevent  the  sticking  to  the  wheels  of  the 
roller  of  the  -  fine  material  on  the  surface,  and  the  combined 
spreading  of  screenings,  watering  and  rolling  shall  be  contin- 
ued until  the  voids  of  the  broken  stone  become  so  filled  with 
the  finer  particles  as  to  result  in  a  wave  of  grout  being  pushed 
along  the  road  surface  by  the  front  wheel  of  the  roller.  After 
the  completion  of  the  rolling,  no  teaming  other  than  that 
necessary  for  bringing  on  the  broken  stone  for  the  next  course 
shall  be  allowed  over  the  rolled  broken  stone.  Should  it  be 
apparent  after  the  rolling  of  the  first  course  that  the  sub- 
grade  material  shall  have  become  churned  up  into  or  mixed 
with  the  broken  stone  of  this  course,  whether  by  reason  of  the 
rolling,  or  by  hauling  ov,er  the  broken  stone  or  otherwise,  the 
Contractor  shall  at  his  own  expense  remove  and  replace  such 
mixture  of  sub-grade  material  and  broken  stone  with  clean 
broken  stone  of  the  proper  size  and  shall  roll, the  material  to 
produce  a  uniform,  firm  and  even  first  course  as  required. 

12.  Second  Course — On  the  completed  first  course  shall  be 
spread,  in  the  manner  specified  in  the  preceding  paragraph, 
No.  4  broken  stone  to  form  the  second  course.  This  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  to  such  a  depth  that  it  shall  have, 
after  rolling,  the  required  thickness  of  three  and  one-half 
(3%)  inches.  The  second  course  shall  be  compacted,  pud- 
dled with  screenings  and  water,  and  finished  under  the  same 
provisions  as  prescribed  for  the  first  course.  When  the  roll- 
ing shall  have  been  completed,  the  surface  of  the  second  course 
shall  be  firm,  even  and  true  to  the  lines,  grades  and  cross- 
sections.  If  the  surface  is  not  slightly  rough,  so  as  to  afford 
a  sufficient  mechanical  bond  for  the  third,  course,  it  shall  be 
broomed. 


13.  Third  Course — On  the  completed  second  course  shall 
be  spread,  in  the  manner  above  specified  for  the  first  course, 
No.  3  broken  stone  to  form  the  third  course.  This  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  to  such  a  depth  that  it  will  have, 
after  rolling,  the  required  thickness  of  two  and  one-half  (2%) 
inches.  The  third  course  shall  be  compacted  and  puddled 
with  screenings  and  water  under  the  same  provisions  as  pre- 
scribed for  the  second  course,  and  when  the  rolling  shall  have 
been  completed,  the  surface  of  the  third  course  shall  be  firm, 
even  and  true  to  the  lines,  grades  and  cross-sections.  After 
the  third  course  has  been  compacted,  puddled  and  filled  as 
above  specified,  it  shall  be  evenly  covered  with  a  thin  layer 
of  screenings.  Should  at  any  time,  after  the  construction  of 
the  third  course  and  prior  to  the  application  of  bituminous 
material  thereon,  the  larger  stone  be  visible  in  the  surface  of 
the  road,  the  Contractor  shall,  without  extra  allowance,  spread, 
sprinkle  and  roll  sufficient  screenings  to  completely  cover  the 
same.  Each  section  of  the  broken  stone  road  shall  be  sub- 
jected to  traffic  for  at  least  one  month  before  the  construction 
of  the  bituminous  surface  thereon. 

BITUMINOUS  SURFACE. 

14.  Description  Bituminous  Surface — The  bituminous  surface 
shall  consist  of  one  application  of  refined  tar  covered  with  a 
layer  of  No.  1  broken  stone  constructed  as  hereinafter  speci- 
fied. 

BITUMINOUS  MATERIAL. 

15.  Refined  Tar — Eefined  tar  used  in  the  construction  of 
the  bituminous  surface  shall  conform  with  either  one  of  the 
specifications   covering  the   chemical  and  physical  properties 
of  refined  tars  included  under  the  item  entitled  "Eefined  Tars 
for  Surface  Treatments." 

16.  Heating  Eefined  Tar — The  refined  tar  shall  be  heated 
in  kettles  or  tanks  so  designed  as  to  admit  of  even  heating 
of  the  entire  mass,  with  an  efficient  and  positive  control  of 
the  heat  at  all  times.     It  shall  be  heated  as  directed  by  the 
d  9 


Engineer  to  a  temperature  between  93°  C.  (200°  F.)  and  121° 
C.  (250°  F.)  All  refined  tar  heated  beyond  121°  C.  (250°  F.) 
shall  be  rejected.  No  tar  shall  be  heated  in  kettles  or  tanks 
containing  any  oil  or  asphalt  cement.  Before  changing  from 
one  type  to  another,  kettles  or  tanks  shall  be  scrupulously 
cleaned  in  order  to  avoid  mixtures  of  the  two.  Any  mixtures 
of  different  kinds  of  bituminous  materials  shall  be  rejected. 

Thermometers  Furnished  by  Contractors — The  Contractor 
shall  provide  a  sufficient  number  of  accurate,  efficient,  sta- 
tionary thermometers  for  determining  the  temperature  of  the 
refined  tar  in  kettles  or  tanks. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

17.  Preparation  of  Surface  of  Road — Prior  to  the  applica- 
tion of  the  refined  tar,  the  surface  of  the  broken  stone  road, 
when  thoroughly  dry,  shall  be  swept  clean  of  all  dust,  dirt 
or  other  loose  material  with  horse   or  power  drawn  brooms 
and  bass  or  other  fine  fibre  brooms,  or  with  stiff  fibre  hand 
brooms  and  bass  or  other  fine  fibre  brooms,  as  directed  by  the 
Engineer.     When  the  cleaning  is  completed  the  upper  surface 
of  the  No.  3  broken  stone  shall  be  exposed,  forming  a  clean 
mosaic  surface. 

18.  Application    of   Refined    Tar — After    the    surface    shall 
have  been  cleaned  to  the   satisfaction  of  the  Engineer,   and 
when  thoroughly  dry,  the  refined  tar  shall  be  uniformly  ap- 
plied over  the  prepared  surface  of  the  road  by  means  of  a 
pressure  distributor  as  hereinafter  specified  and  in  accordance 
with  the  directions  of  the  Engineer.    The  refined  tar,  when  ap- 
plied, shall  have  a  temperature  between  93°  C.  (200°  F.)  and 
121b  C.  (250°  F.).   The  total  amount  of  refined  tar  to  be  used  in 
the  construction  of  the  bituminous  surface  shall  be  applied  in 
one  application  and  shall  not  be  less  than  one-quarter  (%)  nor 
more  than  one-half   (y2)    gallon  per  square  yard,  the  precise 
quantity  being  determined  by  the  Engineer. 

Pressure  Distributor — The  pressure  distributor  employed 
shall  be  so  designed  and  operated  as  to  distribute  the  refined 

10 


tar  specified  uniformly  under  a  pressure  of  not  less  than 
twenty  (20)  pounds  nor  more  than  seventy-five  (75)  pounds 
per  square  inch  in  the  amount  and  between  the  limits  of  tem- 
perature specified.  It  shall  be  supplied  with  an  accurate  sta- 
tionary thermometer  in  the  tank  containing  the  refined  tar 
and  with  an  accurate  pressure  gauge  so  located  as  to  be  easily 
observed  by  the  Engineer  while  walking  beside  the  distrib- 
utor. It  shall  be  so  operated  that,  at  the  termination  of  each 
run,  the  refined  tar  will  be  at  once  shut  off.  It  shall  be  so 
designed  that  the  normal  width  of  application  shall  be  not 
less  than  six  (6)  feet  and  so  that  it  will  be  possible  on  either 
side  of  the  machine  to  apply  widths  of  not  more  than  two  (2) 
feet.  The  distributor  shall  be  provided  with  tires  of  widths 
dependent  upon  the  following  relationship  between  the  pres- 
sure per  square  inch  of  tire  and  the  diameter  of  the  wheel; 
for  a  two  (2)  foot  diameter  wheel,  five  hundred  (500)  pounds 
shall  be  the  maximum  pressure  per  linear  inch  of  width  per 
wheel,  an  additional  pressure  of  thirty  (30)  pounds  per  inch 
being  allowed  for  each  additional  three  (3)  inches  in  diameter. 

19.  Application  of  No.  1  Broken  Stone — Immediately  after 
the  application  of  the  refined  tar,  a  layer  of  dry  No.  1  broken 
stone,  not  to  exceed  three-eighths   (%)   of  an  inch  in  thick- 
ness, shall  be  spread  and  broomed  as  directed  by  the  Engineer 
over  the  surface  of  the  refined  tar  and  shall  be  at  once  rolled 
as  directed  by  the  Engineer  with  a  roller  weighing  between 
eight  (8)  and  fifteen  (15)  tons. 

20.  Seasonal  and  Weather  Limitations — No  refined  tar  shall 
be  applied  when  the  air  temperature  in  the  shade  is  below  10° 
C.  (50°  F.),  except  by  the  written  permission  of  the  Engineer. 

PAYMENT. 

21.  Measurement    and   Payment — The    quantity    of   broken 
stone  road  with  bituminous  surface  to  be  paid  for  under  this 
item  shall  be  the  number  of  square  yards,  measured  horizon- 
tally, satisfactorily  completed  in  accordance  with  the  specifi- 
cations.   The  price  stipulated  in  this  item  shall  include  the  fur- 

11 


nishing,  crushing  and  screening  of  the  different  sizes  of  broken 
stone,  the  placing,  rolling  and  watering  of  the  broken  stone, 
the  heating  and  distributing  of  the  refined  tar,  and  all  ma- 
terials, work  and  expenses  incidental  to  the  completion  of  the 
broken  stone  road  with  bituminous  surface  except  the  fur- 
nishing of  the  refined  tar,  which  will  be  included  for  payment 
under  the  item  entitled  "Refined  Tars  for  Surface  Treat- 
ments. ' ' 


SPECIFICATIONS   FOR   REFINED  TARS   FOR   SURFACE 
TREATMENTS. 

22.  Previous  Service — The  Contractor  will  be  required  to 
show  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer,  that  the  Company 
manufacturing  the  refined  tar  he  proposes  to  use  under  a  given 
specification  has,  for  a  period  of  at  least  two  years,  manufac- 
tured refined  tar  in  a  thoroughly  equipped  plant;  and  that 
refined  tar  manufactured  of  bituminous  material  obtained  from 
a  similar  source  to  that  which  he  proposes  to  use  shall  have 
been  in  continuous  and  successful  use  in  the  surface  treat- 
ment of  broken  stone  roads  for  a  period  of  at  least  two  years 
previous  to  the  date  of  the  letting  in  which  his  proposal  was 
submitted. 

23.  Refined  Tar  "A"  Optional  With  Refined  Tar  "B" 

(I)  Refined   tar   "A"   shall   be   homogeneous,   free  from 
water  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  121°  C.  (250°  F.) 

(II)  Its  specific  gravity  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  1.140  nor  more  than  1.180. 

(III)  When  tested  by  means  of  the  New  York  Testing 
Laboratory  Float  Apparatus,  the  float  shall  not  sink  in  water 
maintained  at  50°   C.   (122°  F.)   in  less  than  50  seconds  nor 
more  than  110  seconds. 

(IV)  Its  bitumen  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chemi- 
cally pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  95.0  per  cent,  and  it  shall  show  not  more  than 
0.2  per  cent,  ash  upon  ignition  of  the  material  insoluble  in 
carbon  disulphide. 

12 


(V)  When    distilled    according   to   the   tentative   method 
recommended  by  Committee  D-4  of  the  American  Society  for 
Testing  Materials  in  1911,  it  shall  yield  no  distillate  at  a  tem- 
perature lower  than  170°   C.    (338°   F.)  ;  not  more  than  20.0 
per  cent  shall  distill  below  270°  C.  (518°  F.),  and  not  more 
than  30.0  per  cent,  shall  distill  below  300°  C.  (572°  F.). 

(VI)  The  melting  point  as  determined  in  water  by  the 
cube  method,  of  the  pitch  residue  remaining  after  distillation 
to  300°  C.  (572°  F.)  in  accordance  with  the  test  described  in 
Clause  (V)  shall  be  not  more  than  75°  C.  (167°  F.). 

24.  Refined  Tar  "B"  Optional  With  Refined  Tar  "A.." 

(I)  Refined   tar   "B"   shall   be   homogeneous,   free   from 
water,  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  121°  C.  (250°  F.). 

(II)  Its  specific  gravity  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  1.170  nor  more  than  1.220. 

(III)  When  tested  by'  means  of  the  New  York  Testing 
Laboratory  Float  Apparatus,  the  float  shall  not  sink  in  water 
maintained  at  50°  C.  (122°  F.)  in  less  than  40  seconds  nor  more 
than  100  seconds. 

(IV)  Its  bitumen  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  85.0  per  cent,  nor  more  than  95.0  per  cent.,  and 
it  shall  show  not  more  than  0.2  per  cent  ash  upon  ignition  of 
the  material  insoluble  in  carbon  disulphide. 

(V)  When   distilled   according   to   the   tentative   method 
recommended  by  Committee  D-4  of  the  American  Society  for 
Testing  Materials  in  1911,  it  shall  yield  no  distillate  at  a  tem- 
perature lower  than  170°   C.    (338°  F.)  ;  not  more  than  20.0 
per  cent,  shall  distill  below  270°  C.  (518°  F.),  and  not  more 
than  25.0  per  cent,  shall  distill  below  300°  C.  (572°  F.). 

(VI)  The  melting  point  as  determined  in  water  by  the 
cube  method,  of  the  pitch  residue  remaining  after  distillation 
to  300°  C.  (572°  F.)  in  accordance  with  the  test  described  in 
Clause  (V)  shall  be  not  more  than  75°  C.  (167°  F.). 

25.  Delivery — The  refined  tar  shall  be  delivered  in  suitable 
containers,  far  enough  in  advance  of  its  use  in  the  work  to 

13 


permit  the  necessary  tests  to  be  made.  Each  container  shall 
be  plainly  labeled  with  the  trade  name  of  the  refined  tar, 
name  of  manufacturer,  gross  weight  and  net  weight.  Each 
shipment  and  each  carload  shall  be  kept  separate. 

Bills  of  Lading — The  Contractor  shall  furnish  the  Engineer 
on  or  before  the  arrival  of  each  shipment  at  or  near  the  site 
of  the  work,  bills  of  lading,  or  correct  copies  thereof,  which 
shall  state  the  trade  name  of  the  refined  tar,  and  the  name 
and  address  of  the  Company  manufacturing  and  supplying  it. 

Samples — Samples  will  be  taken  by  the  Engineer  from  each 
carload  of  refined  tar  when  delivered  at  the  work,  unless 
satisfactory  arrangements  can  be  made  for  sampling  before 
shipment.  Such  samples  shall  be  analyzed  by  the  Engineer  to 
assure  the  delivery  of  a  refined  tar  of  the  specified  quality  and 
to  determine,  for  purpose  of  payment,  the  quantity  of  bitumen. 

26.  Work  Included — Under  this  item  the  Contractor  shall 
furnish  and  deliver  on  the  work  at  such  points  as  directed 
refined  tar  which  conforms  with  the  specifications  of  either 
refined  tar  "A"  or  refined  tar  "B." 

27.  Measurement  and  Payment — The   quantity   of  bitumen 
in  the  refined  tar,  to  be  paid  for  under  this  item,  shall  be  the 
number  of  tons,  determined  in  accordance  with  the  paragraph 
headed  "Samples"  contained  in  the  refined  tar  placed  on  the 
road  in  accordance  with  the  specifications  and  requirements, 
or  used  as  directed  for  other  purposes.     The  percentage  of 
bitumen  determined  by  an  average  of  the  analyses  of  the  ac- 
ceptable samples  taken  by  the  Engineer  during  a  given  month 
shall  be  used  as  the  basis  for  payment  for  the  refined  tar 
used  during  that  month.     Refined  tar  that  is  wasted  shall  not 
be  included  in  the  measurement  under  this  item.     The  price 
stipulated   in  this  item  shall   include  the   cost   of  furnishing, 
hauling  and  delivering  the  refined  tar  at  the  work,  and  all 
expenses  incidental  thereto. 


14 


SPECIFICATIONS   FOR   BITUMINOUS   MACADAM   PAVEMENT. 

28.  General   Description — The   bituminous   macadam   pave- 
ment shall  .consist  of  three  courses  of  broken  stone,  separately 
constructed,  laid  to  conform  to  the  required  grades  and  cross- 
sections,  and  constructed  as  hereinafter  specified  with  bitum- 
inous material  incorporated  with  the  top  or  third  course. 

BROKEN  STONE. 

29.  Quality   of  Broken   Stone — All   broken   stone   shall  be 
clean,  rough  surfaced  and  sharp  angled,  of  compact  texture 
and  uniform  grain. 

Tests. For  Broken  Stone — The  broken  stone  shall  be  subjected 
to  abrasion  tests  and  toughness  tests  conducted  by  the  En- 
gineer in  accordance  with  methods  adopted  by  the  American 
Society  for  Testing  Materials,  August  15,  1908.  The  broken 
stone  used  for  the  construction  of  the  first  and  second  courses 
shall  show  a  French  coefficient  of  wear  of  not  less  than  7.0 
and  its  toughness  shall  be  not  less  than  6.0.  The  broken  stone 
used  for  the  construction  of  the  third  course  and  for  the  first 
and  second  applications  of  No.  1  broken  stone  shall  show  a 
French  coefficient  of  wear  of  not  less  than  11.0  and  its  tough- 
ness shall  not  be  less  than  13.0. 

30.  Sizes — The  sizes  shall  be  in  accordance  with  require- 
ments as  stated  in  the  paragraph  entitled  "Sizes"  in  the  speci- 
fications for  "Broken  Stone  Road." 

CONSTRUCTION. 

31.  First  Course — After  the  sub-grade  or  sub-base  course 
shall  have  been  prepared  as  specified,  a  course  of  No.  4  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  so  that  it  shall  have,  after  roll- 
ing,the  required  thickness  of  three  and  one-half  (S1/^)  inches. 
The  depth  of  loose  broken  stone  shall  be  gauged  by  the  use 
of  strings  between  iron  stakes,  as  directed.     The  spreading  of 
the  broken  stone  must  be  from  piles  dumped  on  boards  pro- 
vided for  the   purpose   or   from  piles   dumped  alongside  the 
road,  or  as  directed  by  the  Engineer.     This  course  shall  be 

15      •. 


thoroughly  rolled  with  a  twelve  (12)  to  fifteen  (15)  ton  road 
roller.  The  initial  rolling  shall  begin  at  the  sides  of  the  road 
and  continue  towards  the  center  and  shall  be  kept  up  until 
the  stone  is  keyed  together  and  there  is  no  disturbance  of 
the  stone  ahead  of  the  roller.  After  the  first  course  has  been 
compacted,  it  shall  be  evenly  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of 
screenings.  The  quantity  of  screenings  to  be  used  shall  be 
just  sufficient  to  cover  the  larger  stones  and  care  shall  be 
exercised  to  avoid  the  use  of  an  excess  of  the  screenings.  This 
covering  shall  then  be  rolled  as  heretofore  provided  except 
that  water  shall  be  used  in  connection  with  the  rolling  as 
follows :  After  the  screenings  shall  have  been  lightly  rolled, 
water  shall  be  sprinkled  on  the  road  surface  just  ahead  of  the 
roller,  in  such  quantity  as  will  prevent  the  sticking  to  the 
wheels  of  the  roller  of  the  fine  material  on  the  surface,  and 
the  combined  spreading  of  screenings,  watering  and  rolling 
shall  be  continued  until  the  viods  of  the  broken  stone  become 
so  filled  with  the  finer  particles  as  to  result  in  a  wave  of 
grout  being  pushed  along  the  road  surface  by  the  front  wheel 
of  the  roller.  After  the  completion  of  the  rolling,  no  teaming 
other  than  that  necessary  for  bringing  on  the  broken  stone 
for  the  next  course  shall  be  allowed  over  the  rolled  broken 
stone.  Should  it  be  apparent  after  the  rolling  of  the  first 
course  that  the  sub-grade  material  shall  have  become  churned 
up  into  or  mixed  with  the  broken  stone  of  this  course,  whether 
by  reason  of  the  rolling,  or  by  hauling  over  the  broken  stone 
or  otherwise,  the  Contractor  shall  at  his  own  expense  remove 
and  replace  such  mixture  of  sub-grade  material  and  broken 
stone  with  clean  broken  stone  of  the  proper  size  and  shall  roll 
the  material  to  produce  a  uniform,  firm  and  even  first  course 
as  required. 

32.  Second  Course — On  the  completed  first  course  shall  be 
spread,  in  the  manner  specified  in  the  preceding  paragraph, 
No.  4  broken  stone  to  form  the  second  course.  This  broken 
stone  shall  be  evenly  spread  to  such  a  depth  that  it  shall  have, 
after  rolling,  the  required  thickness  of  three  and  one-half 

16 


)  inches.  The  second  course  shall  be  compacted,  pud- 
dled with  screenings  and  water,  and  finished  under  the  same 
provisions  as  prescribed  for  the  first  course.  When  the  rolling 
shall  have  been  completed,  the  surface  of  the  second  course 
shall  be  firm,  even  and  true  to  the  lines,  grades  and  cross- 
sections.  If  the  surface  is  not  slightly  rough  so  as  to  afford 
a  sufficient  mechanical  bond  for  the  third  course,  it  shall  be 
broomed. 

TOP  COURSE,  BITUMINOUS   MACADAM  PAVEMENT. 

33.  Description  of  Top  Course — The  top  course  of  the  bi- 
tuminous macadam  pavement  shall  consist  of  a  third  course 
of  broken  stone  and  two  applications  of  bituminous  material, 
each  application  being  followed  by  the  distribution  of  a  layer 
of  No.  1  broken  stone,  constructed  as  hereinafter  specified. 

BITUMINOUS  MATERIAL. 

34.  Asphalt  Cement  and  Refined  Tar — The  asphalt  cement 
or  refined  tar,  hereinafter  referred  to  as  bituminous  material, 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  third  course  of  the  bituminous 
macadam  pavement  shall  conform  with  either  one  of  the  speci- 
fications covering  the  chemical  and  physical  properties  of  bi- 
tuminous materials  included  under  the  item  entitled  "Asphalt 
Cements   and   Refined   Tars  for  Bituminous   Macadam   Pave- 
ment." 

35.  Heating    Bituminous    Materials — Bituminous    materials 
shall  he  heated  in  kettles  or  tanks  so  designed  as  to  admit  of 
even  heating  of  the  entire  mass,  with  an  efficient  and  positive 
control  of  the  heat  at  all  times.     Asphalt  cement  shall  be 
heated  as  directed  by  the  Engineer  to  a  temperature  between 
135°  C.  (275°  F,)  and  177°  C.  (350°  F.)     All  asphalt  cement 
heated  beyond  177°  C.   (350°  F.)   shall  be  rejected.     Eefined 
tar  shall  be  heated  as  directed  by  the  Engineer  to  a  tempera- 
ture between  93°   C.    (200°  F.)    and  121°  C.    (250°  F.).     All 
refined  tar  heated  beyond  121°  C.  (250°  F.)  shall  be  rejected. 
No  tar  shall  be  heated  in  kettles  or  tanks  containing  any  oil 
or  asphalt  cement.     Before  changing  from  one  type  of  ma- 

17 


terial  to  another,  kettles  or  tanks  shall  be  scrupulously  cleaned 
in  order  to  avoid  mixtures  of  the  two.  Any  mixtures  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  bituminous  materials  shall  be  rejected. 

Thermometers  Furnished  by  Contractors — The  Contractor 
shall  provide  a  sufficient  number  of  accurate,  efficient,  sta- 
tionary thermometers  for  determining  the  temperature  of  the 
bituminous  material  in  kettles  or  tanks. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

36.  Third  Course  of  Broken  Stone — On  the  completed  second 
course,  when  thoroughly  dry,  shall  be  spread,  in  the  manner 
above  specified  for  the  first  course,  dry  No.  3  broken  stone 
to  form  the  third  course.     This  broken  stone  shall  be  evenly 
spread  to  such  a  depth  that  it  will  have,  after  rolling,  the  re- 
quired thickness  of  two  and  one-half  (2%)  inches.     The  third 
course   shall   be   thoroughly   compacted   by   dry   rolling  until 
the  fragments  of  broken  stone  have  just  keyed  together  in 
accordance  with  the  same  provisions  covering  rolling  as  pre- 
scribed for  the  "First  Course." 

37.  First    Application    of    Bituminous    Material — After    the 
third  course  of  broken  stone  shall  have  been  thoroughly  com- 
pacted as  specified  and  when  clean  and  thoroughly  dry,  the 
bituminous  material  shall  be  uniformly  applied  over  the  pre- 
pared  surface   of  the   third   course   by   means   of   a   pressure 
distributor  as  hereinafter  specified.    The  asphalt  cement,  when 
applied,  shall  have  a  temperature  between  135°  C.   (275°  F.) 
and  177°  C.   (350°  F.).     The  refined  tar.  when  applied,  shall 
have  a  temperature  between  93°   C.    (200°   F.)    and  121°   C. 
(250°   F.).     The  total   amount  of  bituminous  material  to   be 
used  in  the  first  application  shall  not  be  less  than  one  and 
one-half  (1%0    gallons  nor  more  than  one  and  three-quarters 
v.1%)  gallons  per  square  yard,  the  precise  quantity  being  deter- 
mined by  the  Engineer. 

Pressure  Distributor — The  pressure  distributor  employed 
shall  be  so  designated  and  operated  as  to  distribute  the  bi- 
tuminous materials  specified  uniformly  under  a  pressure  of 

18 


not  less  than  twenty  (20)  pounds  nor  more  than  seventy -five 
(75)  pounds  per  square  inch  in  the  amount  and  between  the 
limits  of  temperature  specified.  It  shall  be  supplied  with  an 
accurate  stationary  thermometer  in  the  tank  containing  the 
bituminous  material  and  with  an  accurate  pressure  gauge  so 
located  as  to  be  easily  observed  by  the  Engineer  while  walk- 
ing beside  the  distributor.  It  shall  be  so  operated  that,  at 
the  termination  of  each  run,  the  bituminous  material  will  be 
at  once  shut  off.  It  shall  be  so  designed  that  the  normal  width 
of  application  shall  be  not  less  than  six  (6)  feet  and  so  that 
it  will  be  possible  on  either  side  of  the  machine  to  apply 
widths  of  not  more  than  two  (2)  feet.  The  distributor  shall 
be  provided  with  wheels  having  tires  each  of  which  shall  not 
be  less  than  eighteen  (18)  inches  in  width,  the  allowed  max- 
imum pressure  per  square  inch  of  tire  being  dependent  upon 
the  following  relationship  between  the  aforesaid  pressure  and 
the  diameter  of  the  wheel :  For  a  two  (2)  foot  diameter  wheel, 
two  hundred  and  fifty  (250)  pounds  shall  be  the  maximum 
pressure  per  linear  inch  of  width  of  tire  per  wheel,  an  addi- 
tional pressure  of  twenty  (20)  pounds  per  inch  being  allowed 
for  each  additional  three  (3)  inches  in  diameter. 

38.  First  Application  of  No.  1  Broken  Stone — Immediately 
after  the  application  of  the  bituminous  material,  a  layer  of 
dry  No.  1  broken  stone,  not  to  exceed  three-eighths   (%)   of 
an  inch  in  thickness,  shall  be  spread  as  directed  by  the  En- 
gineer over  the  surface  of  the  bituminous  material  and  shall 
be  at  once  rolled  as  directed  by  the  Engineer  with  a  roller 
weighing  between  twelve  (12)   and  fifteen  (15)  tons.     During 
the  rolling  process,  additional  No.  1  broken  stone  shall  be  ap- 
plied and  brooomed  until  the  voids  in  the  upper  portion  of 
the  third  course  are  filled  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer. 

39.  Second  Application  of  Bituminous  Material — Prior  to  the 
second   application    of   bituminous   material,    all   loose   No.    1 
broken  stone  shall  be  swept  from  the  surface  of  the  pavement. 
When  thoroughly  clean  and  dry,  a  second  application  of  bi- 
tuminous material  shall  be  uniformly  applied  over  the  surface 

19 


by  means  of  a  pressure  distributor  as  specified  above.  When 
applied  the  asphalt  cement  shall  have  a  temperature  between 
135°  C.  (275°  F.)  ai}d  177°  C.  (350°  F.).  When  applied  the 
refined  tar  shall  have  a  temperature  between  93°  C.  (200°  F.) 
and  121°  C.  (250°  F.).  The  total  amount  of  bituminous  ma- 
terial to  be  used  in  the  second  application  shall  not  be  less  than 
one-half  (%)  gallon  nor  more  than  three-quarters  (%)  gallon 
per  square  yard,  the  precise  quantity  being  determined  by  the 
Engineer. 

40.  Second  Application  of  No.  1  Broken  Stone — Immediate- 
ly after  the  second  application  of  bituminous  material,  a  layer 
of  dry  No.  1  broken  stone,  not  to  exceed  three-eighths  (%) 
of  an  inch  in  thickness,  shall  be  spread  and  broomed  as  di- 
rected by  the  Engineer  over  the  surface  of  the  bituminous 
material  and  thereafter  at  once  rolled  as  directed  by  the  En- 
gineer with  a  roller  weighing  between  twelve  (12)  and  fifteen 
(15)  tons.     The  rolling  shall  be  continued  and  additional  No. 
1  broken  stone  shall  be  applied  until  a  smooth,  uniform  sur- 
face is  produced  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer. 

41.  Seasonal  and  Weather  Limitations — No  bituminous  ma- 
terial shall  be  applied  when  the  air  temperature  in  the  shade 
is  below  10°  C.  (50°  F.),  except  by  the  written  permission  of 
the  Engineer. 

PAYMENT. 

42.  Measurement  and  Payment — The  quantity  of  bitumin- 
ous macadam  pavement  to  be  paid  for  under  this  item  shall 
be  the  number  of  square  yards,  measured  horizontally,  satis- 
factorily completed  in  accordance  with  the  specifications.   The 
price  stipulated  in  this  item  shall  include  the  furnishing,  crush- 
ing and  screening  of  the  different  sizes  of  broken  stone,  the 
heating  and  distributing  of  the  bituminous  material,  and  all. 
materials,  work  and  expenses  incidental  to  the  completion  of 
the  bituminous  macadam  pavement  except  the  furnishing  of 
the  bituminous  material,  which  will  be  included  for  payment 
under  the  item  entitled  ''Asphalt  Cements  and  Refined  Tars 
for  Bituminous  Macadam  Pavements. " 

20 


SPECIFICATIONS    FOR    ASPHALT    CEMENTS    AND    REFINED 
TARS    FOR    BITUMINOUS    MACADAM    PAVEMENTS. 

43.  Previous  Service — The  Contractor  will  be  required  to 
show,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Engineer,  that  the  Company 
manufacturing  the  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar  he  proposes 
to  use  under  a  given  specification  has,  for  a  perod  of  at  least 
two  years,  manufactured  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar  in  a 
thoroughly  equipped  plant,  and  that  asphalt  cement  or  refined 
tar  manufactured  of  bituminous  material  obtained  from  a  sim- 
ilar source  to  that  which  he  proposes  to  use  shall  have  been 
in    continuous    and   successful   use   in   bituminous   pavements 
constructed  by  the  mixing  method  or  in  bituminous  macadam 
pavements  for  a  period  of  at  least  two  years  previous  to  the 
date  of  the  letting  in  which  his  proposal  was  submitted. 

44.  Asphal  Cement  "A"  Optional  With  Asphalt  Cements  "B" 
"C,"  "D"  and  Refined  Tars  "E"  and  "F." 

(I)  Asphalt  Cement  "A"  shall  be  homogeneous,  free  from 
water  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  177°  C.  (350°  F.). 

(II)  It  shall  show  a  flash  point  of  not  less  than  205°  C. 
(400°  F.)  when  tested  in  the  New  York  State  Board  of  Health 
Closed  Oil  Tester. 

(III)  Its   specific    gravity,    at    a   temperature   of   25°    C. 
(77°  F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  0.960  nor  more  than  1.000. 

(IV)  When  tested  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  by  means 
of  a  standard  penetrometer,  it  shall  show  penetrations  within 
the  following  limits  for  the  conditions  stated,  the  penetrations 
being  expressed  in  hundredths  of  a  centimeter,  100  gram  load, 
5  seconds,  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.),  from  100  to  120;  200  gram  load, 
1  minute,  at  4°  C.   (39°  F.),  not  less  than  50. 

(V)  Its  melting  point  as  determined  by  the  cube  method 
shall  be  not  less  than  60°  C.  (140°  F.). 

(VI)  When  50  grams  of  the  material  is  maintained  at  a 
uniform  temperature  of  163°   C.   (325°  F.)   for  5  hours  in  an 
open  cylindrical  tin  dish  5%;  centimeters   (about  2*4  inches) 
in  diameter,  with  vertical  sides  measuring  approximately  3y2 
centimeters   (about  V/y  inches)    in  depth,  the  loss  in  weight 

21 


shall  not   exceed  2.0  per  cent  of  the  original  weight  of  the 
sample. 

The  penetration  of  the  residue,  when  tested  as  described 
in  Clause  (IV)  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  under  a  load  of 
100  grams,  for  5  seconds  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.)  shall  be  not  less 
than  one-half  the  penetration  of  the  original  material  tested 
under  the  same  condition. 

(VII)  Its  bitumen  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  99.5  per  cent. 

(VIII)  It  shall  be  soluble  in  chemically  pure  carbon  tetra- 
chloride  at  room  temperature,  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than 
99.5  per  cent,  of  its  bitumen  as  determined  by  Clause   (VII). 

(IX),  It  shall  be  soluble  in  86°  to  88°  Baume  paraffin  naph- 
tha, of  which  at  least  85.0  per  cent  distills  between  35°  and 
65°  C.  (95°  and  149°  F.),  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than  75.0 
per  cent,  nor  more  than  85.0  per  cent  of  its  bitumen  as  deter- 
mined by  Clause  (VII.) 

(X)  It  shall  yield  not  less  than  8.0  per  cent  nor  more  than 
12.0  per  cent  of  fixed  carbon. 

45.  Asphalt  Cement  "B"  Optional  With  Asphalt  Cements 
"A'/  "C"  "D,"  and  Refined  Tars  "W  and  "F." 

(I)  Asphalt  cement  "B"  shall  be  homogeneous,  free  from 
water  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  177°  C.   (350°  F.). 

(II)  It  shall  show  a  flash  point  of  not  less  than  206°  C. 
(400°  F.)  when  tested  in  the  New  York  State  Board  of  Health 
Closed  Oil  Tester. 

(III)  Its  specific  gravity,  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  1.000  nor  more  than  1.030. 

(IV)  When  tested  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  by  means 
of  a  standard  penetrometer,  it  shall  show  penetrations  within 
the  following  limits  for  the  conditions  stated,  the  penetrations 
being  expressed  in  hundredths  of  a  centimeter,  100  gram  load, 
5  seconds,  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.),  from  90  to  110;  200  gram  load, 
1  minute,  at  4°  C.   (39°  F.),  not  less  than  15. 


(V)  Its  melting  point  as  determined  by  the  cube  method 
shall  be  not  less  than  30°  C.  (86°  F.). 

(VI)  When  50  grams  of  the  material  is  maintained  at  a 
uniform  temperature  of  163°  C.   (325°  F.)   for  5  hours  in  an 
open  cylindrical  tin  dish  5%  centimeters  (about  2*4  inches)  in 
diameter,  with  vertical  sides  measuring  approximately  3%  cen- 
timeters (about  l1/^  inches)  in  depth,  the  loss  in  weight  shall 
not  exceed  2.0  per  cent,  of  the  original  weight  of  the  sample. 

The  penetration  of  the  residue,  when  tested  as  described  in 
Clause  (IV)  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  under  a  load  of  100 
grams,  for  5  seconds  at  215°  C.  (77°  F.)  shall  be  not  less  than 
one-half  the  penetration  of  the  original  material  tested  under 
the  same  conditions. 

(VII)  Its  bitumen,  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  99.5  per  cent. 

(VIII)  It  shall  be  soluble  in  chemically  pure  carbon  tetra- 
chloride  at  room  temperature,  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than 
99.5  per  cent  of  its  bitumen  as  determined  by  Clause  (VII). 

(IX)  It   shall   be   soluble   in   86°   to   88°   Baume   paraffin 
naphtha,  of  which  at  least  85.0  per  cent,  distills-  between  35° 
and  65°  C.   (95°  and  149°  F.),  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than 
75.0  per  cent,  nor  more  than  85.0  per  cent,  of  its  bitumen  as 
determined  by  Clause  (VII). 

(X)  It  shall  yield  not  less  than  9.0  per  cent,  nor  more 
than  13.0  per  cent,  of  fixed  carbon. 

46.  Asphalt  Cement  "C"  Optional  With  Asphalt  Cements  "A" 
€<E"  "D"  and  Refined  Tars  "E"  and  ffF." 

(I)  Asphalt  cement  "C"  shall  be  homogeneous,  free  from 
water  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  177°  C.   (3,50°  F.). 

(II)  It  shall  show  a  flash  point  of  not  less  than  205°  C. 
(400°  F.)  when  tested  in  the  New  York  State  Board  of  Health 
Closed  Oil  Tester. 

(III)  Its  specific  gravity,  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)   shall  be  not  less  than  1.025  nor  more  than  1.045. 


I 


(IV)  When  tested  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  by  means 
of  a  standard  penetrometer,  it  shall  show  penetrations  within 
the  following  limits  for  the  conditions  stated,  the  penetrations 
being  expressed  in  hundredths  of  a  centimeter :    100  gram  load, 
5  seconds,  at  2,5°  C.  (77a  F.),  from  110  to  130;  200  gram  load, 
1  minute,  at  4°  C.  (39°  F.)  not  less  than  30. 

(V)  Its  melting  point  as  determined  by  the  cu':-e  method 
shall  be  not  less  than  40°  C.  (104°  F.). 

(VI)  When  50  grams  of  the  material  is  maintained  at  a 
uniform  temperature  of  163°  C.   (325°  F.)  for  5  hours  in  an 
open  cylindrical  tin  dish  5%  centimeters   (about  2*4  inches) 
in  diameter,  with  vertical  sides  measuring  approximately  3y2 
centimeters  (about  I1/*?  inches)  in  depth,  the  loss  in  weight  shall 
not  exceed  2.0  per  cent,  of  the  original  weight  of  the  sample. 

The  penetration  of  the  residue,  when  tested  as  described 
in  Clause  (IV)  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  under  a  load  of 
100  grams  for  5  seconds  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.)  shall  be  not  less 
than  one-half  the  penetration  of  the  original  material  tested 
under  the  same  conditions*. 

(VII)  •  Its  bitumen,  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  99.5  per  cent. 

(VIII)  It  shall  be  soluble  in  chemically  pure  carbon  tetra- 
chloride  at  room  temperature,  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than 
99.5  per  cent  of  its  bitumen  as  determined  by  Clause  (VII). 

(IX)  It  shall  be  soluble  in  86°  to  88°  Baume  paraffin  naph- 
tha, of  which  at  least  85.0  per  cent  distills  between  35°  and 
65°  C.   (95°  and  149°  F.)   to  the  extent  of  not  less  than  70.0 
per  cent,  nor  more  than  80.0  per  cent  of  its  bitumen  as  deter- 
mined by  Clause  (VII). 

(X)  It  shall  yield  not  less  than  12.0  per  cent,  nor  more 
than  17.0  per  cent,  of  fixed  carbon. 

47.  Asphalt  Cement  "D"  Optional  With  Asphalt  Cements  "A." 
"B"  "C"  and  Refined  Tars  "E"  and  "F" 

(I)  Asphalt  cement  "D"  shall  be  homogeneous,  free  from 
water  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  177°  C.  (350°  F.). 

24 


(II)  It  shall  show  a  flash  point  of  not  less  than  163°  C. 
(325°  F.)  when  tested  in  the  New  York  State  Board  of  Health 
Closed  Oil  Tester. 

(III)  Its  specific  gravity,  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  1.035  nor  more  than  1.060. 

(IV)  When  tested  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  by  means 
of  a  standard  penetrometer,  it  shall  show  penetrations  within 
the  following  limits  for  the  conditions  stated,  the  penetrations 
being  expressed  in  hundredths  of  a  centimeter :    100  gram  load, 
5  seconds,  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.),  from  130  to  160;  200  gram  load, 
1  minute  at  4°  C.  (39°  F.),  not  less  than  30. 

(V)  When  tested  by  means  of  the  New  York  Testing  Lab- 
oratory Float  Apparatus,   the  float  shall  not  sink  in  water 
maintained  at  66°  C.   (150°  F.)   in  less  than  120  seconds  nor 
more  than  180  seconds. 

(VI)  When  50  grams  of  the  material  is  maintained  at  a 
uniform  temperature  of  163°  G.   (325°  F.)  fofr  5  hours  in  an 
open  cylindrical  tin  dish  5y2  centimeters  (about  2*4  inches)  in 
diameter,  with  vertical  sides  measuring  approximately  3%  cen- 
timeters (about  li/2  inches)  in  depth,  the  loss  in  weight  shall 
not  exceed  3.0  per  cent  of  the  original  weight  of  the  sample. 

The  penetration  of  the  residue,  when  tested  as  described  in 
Clause  (IV)  with  a  standard  No.  2  needle  under  a  load  of 
100  grams,  for  5  seconds  at  25°  C.  (77°  F.)  shall  be  not  less 
than  one-half  the  penetration  of  the  original  material  tested 
under  the  same  conditions. 

(VII)  Its  bitumen  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  94.0  per  cent  nor  more  than  98.0  per  cent. 

(VIII)  It  shall  be  soluble  in  chemically  pure  carbon  tetra- 
chloride  at  room  temperature,  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than 
98.5  per  cent,  of  its  bitumen  as  determined  by  Clause  (VII). 

(IX)  It  shall  be  soluble  in  86°  to  88°  Baume  paraffin  naph- 
tha, of  which  at  least  85.0  per  cent,  distills  between  35°  and 
65°  C.  (95°  and  149°  F.)  to  the  extent  of  not  less  than  75.0 

25 


per  cent,  nor  more  than  85.0  per  cent,  of  its  bitumen  as  deter- 
mined by  Clause   (VII). 

(X)  It  shall  yield  not  less  than  11.0  per  cent,  nor  more 
than  14.0  per  cent,  of  fixed  carbon. 

(XI)  Upon  ignition  it  shall  yield  not  less  than  1.0  per 
cent,  nor  more  than  3.0  per  cent,  of  ash. 

48.     Refined  Tar  "W  Optional  With  Asphalt  Cements  "A." 
B,"  "C,"  "D/'and  Refined  Tar  "F." 

(I)  Refined   tar   "E"   shall   be   homogeneous,   free   from 
water,  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  121°  C.  (250°  F.). 

(II)  Its  specific  gravity  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  1.150  nor  more  than  1.200. 

(III)  When  tested  by  means  of  the  New  York  Testing 
Laboratory  Float  Apparatus,  the  float  shall  not  sink  in  water 
maintained  at  50°  C.  (122°  F.)  in  less  than  120  nor  more  than 
150  seconds. 

(IV)  Its  bitumen  as  determined  by  its 'solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  95.0  per  cent.,  and  it  shall  show  not  more  than 
0.2  per  cent,  ash  upon  ignition  of  the  material  insoluble  in 
carbon  disulphide. 

(V)  When  distilled  according  to  the  tentative  method  rec- 
ommended by   Committee   D-4   of  the  American   Society  for 
Testing  Materials  in   1911,  it  shall  yield  not  more  than  0.5 
per  cent,  distillate  at  a  temperature  lower  than  170°  C.  (338° 
F.)  ;  not  more  than  12.0  per  cent  shall  distill  below  270'°  C. 
(518°  F.),  and  not  more  than  25.0  per  cent,  shall  distill  below 
300°  C.  (572°  F.) 

(VI)  The  total  distillate  from  the  test  made-  in  accordance 
with  Clause  (V)  shall  have  a  specific  gravity  at  a  temperature 
of  25°  C.  (77°  F.)  of  not  less  than  0.980  nor  more  than  1.020. 

(VII)  The  melting  point,  as  determined  in  water  by  the 
cube  method,  of  the  pitch  residue  remaining  after  distillation 
to  300°  C.  (572°  F.)  in  accordance  with  the  test  described  in 
Clause  (V),  shall  be  riot  more  than  75°  C.  (167°  F.)., 

26 


49.  Refined  Tar  "F"  Optional  With  Asphalt  Cements  "A" 
"Bf"     "C"  <(D;}  and  Refined  Tar  "E."    . 

(I)  Kefined   tar   "F"   shall   be   homogeneous,   free   from 
water,  and  shall  not  foam  when  heated  to  121°  C.  (250°  F.)   , 

(II)  Its  specific  gravity  at  a  temperature  of  25°  C.  (77° 
F.)  shall  be  not  less  than  1.180  nor  more  than  1.300. 

(III)  When  tested  by  means  o^f  the  New  York  Testing 
Laboratory  Moat  Apparatus,  the  float  shall  not  sink  in  water 
maitained  at  50°  C.  (122°  F.)  in  less  than  150  nor  more  than 
180  seconds. 

(IV)  Its  bitumen  as  determined  by  its  solubility  in  chem- 
ically pure  carbon  disulphide  at  room  temperature,  shall  be 
not  less  than  80.0  per  cent,  nor  more  than  95.0  per  cent.,  and 
it  shall  show  not  more  than  0.2  per  cent,  ash  upon  ignition  of 
the  material  insoluble  in  carbon  disulphide. 

(V)  When   distilled   according  to   the   tentative   method 
recommended  by  Committee  D-4  of  the  American  Society  for 
Testing  Materials  in  1911,  it  shall  yield  not  more  than  0.5  per 
cent,  distillate  at  a  temperature  lower  than  170°  C.  (338°  F.)  ; 
not  more  than  10.0  per  cent,  shall  distill  below  270°  C.  (518° 
F.),  and  not  more  than  20.0  per  cent,  shall  distill  below  300'° 
C.   (572°  F.). 

(VI)  The  total  distillate  from  the  test  made  in  accordance 
with  Clause  (V)  shall  have  a  specific  gravity  at  a  temperature 
of  25°  C.  (77°  F.)  of  not  less  than  1.020. 

(VII)  The  melting  point,  as  determined  in  water  by  the 
cube  method,  of  the  pitch  residue  remaining  after  distillation 
to  300°  C.  (572°  F.)  in  accordance  with  the  test  described  in 
Clause  (V),  shall  be  not  more  than  75°  C.  (167°  F.). 

50.  Delivery — The  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar  shall  be 
delivered  in  suitable  containers,  far  enough  in  advance  of  its 
use  in  the  work  to  permit  the  necessary  tests  to  be  made. 
Each  container  shall  be  plainly  labeled  with  the  trade  name 
of  the  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar,  name  of  manufacture, 
gross  weight  and  net  weight.    Each  shipment  and  each  carload 
shall  be  kept  separate. 

27 


Bills  of  Lading — The  Contractor  shall  furnish  the  Engineer 
on  or  before  the  arrival  of  each  shipment  at  or  near  the  site 
of  the  work,  bills  of  lading,  or  correct  copies  thereof,  which 
shall  state  the  trade  name  of  the  asphalt  cement  or  refined 
tar,  and  the  name  and  address  of  the  Company  manufactur- 
ing and  supplying  it. 

51.  Samples — Samples  will  be  taken  by  the  Engineer  from 
each  carload  of  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar  when  delivered 
at  the  work,  unless  satisfactory  arrangements  can  be  made  for 
sampling  before  shipment.    Such  samples  shall  be  analyzed  by 
the  Engineer  to  assure  the  delivery  of  an  asphalt  cement  or 
refined  tar  of  the  specified  quality  and  to  determine,  for  pur- 
pose of  payment,  the  quantity  of  bitumen. 

52.  Work  Included — Under  this  item  the  Contractor  shall 
furnish  and  deliver  on  the  work  at  such  points  as  directed  an 
asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar  which  conforms  with  the  speci- 
fications of  any  one  of  the  asphalt  cements  or  refined  tars 
given  above. 

53.  Measurement  and  Payment — The  quantity  -of  bitumen  in 
the  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar,  to  be  paid  for  under  this 
item,  shall  be  the  number  of  tons,  determined  in  accordance 
with  the  paragraph  headed  "Samples''  contained  in  the  asphalt 
cement  or  refined  tar  placed  in  the  pavement  in  accordance 
with  the  specifications  and  requirements,  or  used  as  directed 
for  other  purposes.     The  percentage  of  bitumen  determined 
by  an  average  of  the  analyses  of  the  acceptable  samples  taken 
by  the  Engineer  during  a  given  month  shall  be  used  as  the 
basis  for  payment  for  the  asphalt  cement  or  refined  tar  used 
during   that   month.     Asphalt   cement   or  refined   tar  that  is 
wasted  shall  not  be  included  in  the  measurement  under  this 
item.     The  price  stipulated  in  this  item  shall  include  the  cost 
of  furnishing,  hauling  and  delivering  the  asphalt  cement  or 
refined  tar  at  the  work,  and  all  expenses  incidental  thereto. 


28 


RETURN 


CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT 

198  Main  Stacks 


LOAN  PERIOD  1 
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